對領袖無情，是偉大民族的標誌

蘋論：對領袖無情，是偉大民族的標誌
2009年05月06日

2002年， BBC舉行一個「最偉大的 100名英國人」的調查，結果是英國戰時首相邱吉爾獲選為有史以來最偉大的英國人。
這位反對綏靖政策，領導英國堅決與德國納粹決戰到底並贏得勝利的「最偉大的英國人」，戰後卻立即被英國選民拋棄了，由於工黨提出福利國家的目標對戰後一貧如洗的英國社會有吸引力，導致保守黨慘敗。 1945年 7月邱吉爾卸下首相職務，他後來引用古希臘歷史學家普魯塔克的話說：「對政治領袖無情，是偉大民族的標誌。」這句話因邱吉爾引用而成為傳世名言。
最近，民建聯創黨主席曾鈺成談六四，他說「中央肯定是錯的」；並說，在六四事件中，鄧小平是下令軍隊開槍的人，也是要負責的人。但他說，如果講死人，文革比六四不知多幾多倍。需要負上責任的毛澤東，他的肖像仍懸掛在天安門，他的思想仍寫在黨章、憲法之內。「毛澤東是中國人民的領導還是敵人？如果你否定他，好多中國現在行緊的嘢都要否定。」同樣，如果平反六四，會不會「郁鄧小平」？「會郁到何地步」？中國會怎麼走？他說，「最關注中國是否能夠走一條繼續改革開放，越來越開明、進步的道路。」
倘若曾鈺成關於對毛鄧不能否定的看法，是反映內地主流意見的話，那麼對比邱吉爾關於偉大民族的說法，我們也許不得不產生一個可悲的結論：中國民族不但與偉大民族無緣，甚至可稱之為渺小、劣敗的民族。
首先，且不說偉大民族了，一個正常民族，都會正視自己的歷史。倘若為了一個人的聲譽，而不能面對歷史作符合事實的評價，這民族還有希望嗎？曾鈺成說，中央的六四鎮壓「肯定是錯的」。事實上，中共從指八九民運是「暴亂」，到說是「風波」，到現在絕口不提，當然也是對六四的錯誤做法，心中有數，只是因鄧小平這神主牌而不能正視事實。 13億中國人的多數，似乎也聽之任之。
其次，對人的評價與對事的評價，應予分開。中共對毛的評價是一回事，但不影響對文革評價為「一場浩劫」。鄧的改革開放之路走對了，也不等於六四下令鎮壓的事也是對的，更不等於中央對六四的定性不應平反。
其三，毛澤東縱使對中共建政有功，但建政後的反右、大躍進尤其是文革，則給人民帶來了極大災難，為甚麼他的像還掛在天安門？鄧小平縱使改革開放有功，但為甚麼不能提他「肯定做錯」的事？為甚麼平反六四就會影響中國走改革開放的路？邱吉爾在戰時立下赫赫功勛，為甚麼戰爭剛結束，英國人民就對他如此無情？
答案是：主要原因不是英國民族比中國民族優秀，而是英國的民主制度使人民有權。有權的人民才可以對政治人物無情，有權的人民才能夠自己選擇掌政者，才能夠按照現實需要而不是揹着歷史包袱去投票選出領導人。而中國人民則長期處於無權狀態，現在的所謂「崛起」，也正如魯迅闡釋「漢族發達時代」、「漢族中興時代」一樣，說穿了就是老百姓永遠交互處於兩個狀態之下：一，想做奴隸而不得的時代；二，暫時做穩了奴隸的時代。
無論那一個時代，領袖都是強加在奴隸身上的統治者。國家施政不是按人民的要求，而是按領袖的喜惡與思維方向。因此，對領袖犯錯的批評就會動搖他的地位，他的施政路線也可能受影響而變更。

當然，「有怎樣的人民就有怎樣的政府」，做慣了奴隸的中國民族，沒有強烈爭取民主政治權利，是無法成為偉大民族的原因。若曾鈺成真的希望中國「越來越開明、進步」，恐怕還須鼓勵仍有自由的香港人去認識六四，討論六四。張文光議員提出動議修訂，要政府將六四事件加入中學中史課程綱要內，令中學生可以了解這段歷史，確實是應該支持的動議。
我們不希望下一代中國人，仍交替生活在魯迅所說的兩個不幸時代裏，我們希望中國民族有一天成為偉大民族。因此，下一代的民主薪傳至為重要。

Apple Daily: Be ruthless to the leader, is a sign of a great nation
May 6, 2009

In 2002, BBC held a "100 Greatest Britons" of the investigation, the results of a British wartime prime minister Winston Churchill was elected as the greatest Briton ever.
The opposition to a policy of appeasement, the leadership of Nazi Germany, the UK firm and decisive win in the end and the "greatest Briton", immediately after the war was abandoned by the British voters, as the Labor Party has proposed the goal of the welfare state of post-war Britain penniless attractive community, leading to defeat the Conservative Party. July 1945 Prime Minister Winston Churchill to unload positions, he was the ancient Greek historian Plutarch quoted as saying: "To be ruthless to the political leaders, is a sign of a great nation." This quote by Winston Churchill handed down to become famous.
Recently, the DAB TSANG Yok-sing, chairman of the party on record 64, he said "Central is definitely a misconception"; and said that in the June 4 incident, and Deng Xiaoping ordered the army is the one who fired the shots, but also to be responsible. But he said that if the dead man say, I do not know the Cultural Revolution more than a few times 64. To be held responsible for the Mao Zedong and his portrait still hanging in Tiananmen Square, his thoughts are still in the party constitution, the Constitution. "Mao Zedong led the Chinese people or the enemy? If you deny him, many Chinese firms now have to deny anything tight." Similarly, if rehabilitated 64, will "Yu Deng Xiaoping"? "He will be to the point where Alice"? How China will go from here? He said, "most concerned about whether China can continue to follow a reform and opening up, more enlightened, the path of progress."
If Jasper can not be denied on the Mao-Deng's view reflect the mainstream views of the mainland, then the contrast of Churchill on the great nation that we may have a sad conclusion: not only the Chinese nation missed the great national and even as a small, poor lost people.
First of all, not to mention a great nation, a normal nation, will face up to its own history. If the order to a person's reputation, but not the face of history in line with the evaluation of the facts, this nation still hope? Jasper said that the suppression of the central 64 "is definitely wrong." In fact, the Chinese Communist movement from the 89 refers to the "violence" to it was "storm", and now no mention, of course, is the wrong practice of 64, a pretty good idea, but because of Deng Xiaoping, Kannushi license and can not face the facts. 1.3 billion Chinese people, the majority seem to have let matters drift.
Secondly, people's evaluation and assessment of the matter and should be separate. Assessment of China's Mao is one thing, but does not affect the evaluation of the Cultural Revolution as "a catastrophe." Deng's reform and opening up the road on the right track, it does not mean 64 ordered the suppression of the matter is, more does not mean that central to the characterization of 64 should not be rehabilitated.
Third, even if Mao Zedong on中共建政meritorious, but after the anti-rightist Jianzheng, especially the Cultural Revolution, Great Leap Forward, to the people of a great disaster, like why he has hung in Tiananmen Square? Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up, even if meritorious, but why not mention he was "definitely wrong" thing? Why China will affect the 64 rehabilitated go the way of reform and opening up? Churchill in wartime exploits made illustrious, why the war had just ended and the British people he is so ruthless on?
The answer is: The main reason is not a British national quality than the Chinese nation, but the British people have the right to a democratic system. People have the right to political figures can be merciless on the right of the people can choose to exercise administrative control, and only in accordance with practical needs rather than carrying the burden of history to go to the polls to elect leaders. The Chinese people are not entitled to a state of long-term, the so-called "rise", as Lu explained, "the rapid development of the Han", "Chung Hsing Han era", the truth is always the ordinary people in two state interaction: First, I would like to times and not be slaves; Second, do the time being the slave era of stability.
No matter which era of leaders who are imposed on the rulers of the slave. National policy is not in accordance with the requirements of the people, but by the leaders of likes and dislikes and thinking. Therefore, criticism of the mistakes made by leaders of his position will be shaken, his policy line may also be affected by the changes.

Of course, "What kind of government the people there," the slaves who used the Chinese people who are not strong for the rights of democratic politics is not the reason to become a great nation. Jasper, if China really wants "more open, progressive", I am afraid there is still need to encourage Hong Kong people to understand the freedom of 64 to discuss 64. CHEUNG Man-kwong to move an amendment to the Government will join the 64 events in the history of secondary school syllabus so that students can understand this period of history, indeed should support the motion.
We do not want the next generation of Chinese people still live in Lu said the turn of the era of the two, unfortunately, we hope that one day the Chinese nation to become a great nation. Therefore, the next generation the importance of democracy spread to pay.